A peptide assay was developed that allows the measurement of electron-transfer (ET) efficiencies in peptides. It turns out that two-step ET processes are faster than single-step reactions. This requires relay amino acids with appropriate redox potentials. Not only aromatic but also sulfur-containing aliphatic amino acids can act as stepping stones for the charge. With tryptophan, histidine, and cysteine the reaction is a more complex proton-coupled ET.
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