AI Article Synopsis
- Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a deadly bile duct cancer with poor survival rates, characterized by aggressive spread and a process called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).
- The study focused on understanding genetic changes and gene expression linked to the aggressive form of CC, using four established human cell lines (SCK, JCK1, Cho-CK, and Choi-CK) with varying differentiation levels.
- Key findings included a deletion of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the aggressive SCK cells and significant differences in the expression levels of 260 over-expressed and 247 under-expressed genes in comparison to well-differentiated cells, indicating a connection between these genetic changes and the aggressive behavior of
Article Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is an intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma with a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Sarcomatous change/epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CC frequently leads to aggressive intrahepatic spread and metastasis. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic alterations and gene expression pattern that might be associated with the sarcomatous change in CC. Previously, we established 4 human CC cell lines (SCK, JCK1, Cho-CK, and Choi-CK). In the present study, we characterized a typical sarcomatoid phenotype of SCK, and classified the other cell lines according to tumor cell differentiation (a poorly differentiated JCK, a moderately differentiated Cho-CK, and a well differentiated Choi-CK cells), both morphologically and immunocytologically. We further analyzed the genetic alterations of two tumor suppressor genes (p53 and FHIT) and the expression of Fas/FasL gene, well known CC-related receptor and its ligand, in these four CC cell lines. The deletion mutation of p53 was found in the sarcomatoid SCK cells. These cells expressed much less Fas/FasL mRNAs than did the other ordinary CC cells. We further characterize the gene expression pattern that is involved in the sarcomatous progression of CC, using cDNA microarrays that contained 18,688 genes. Comparison of the expression patterns between the sarcomatoid SCK cells and the differentiated Choi-CK cells enabled us to identify 260 genes and 247 genes that were significantly over-expressed and under-expressed, respectively. Northern blotting of the 14 randomly selected genes verified the microarray data, including the differential expressions of the LGALS1, TGFBI, CES1, LDHB, UCHL1, ASPH, VDAC1, VIL2, CCND2, S100P, CALB1, MAL2, GPX1, and ANXA8 mRNAs. Immunohistochemistry also revealed in part the differential expressions of these gene proteins. These results suggest that those genetic and gene expression alterations may be relevant to the sarcomatous change/EMT in CC cells.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2679331 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3858/emm.2009.41.2.013 | DOI Listing |
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