Background: Interest by prescribers and pharmacists in the provision of individualised pharmaceutical therapy in the form of compounded medicines has grown in recent times. However, there have also been a number of case reports of patient harm associated with these medicines.
Objective: To highlight areas for clinicians and pharmacists to consider when prescribing or dispensing compounded medicines, which are consistent with quality use of medicines principles.
Discussion: Regulators of pharmaceutical products have expressed concerns with the production, marketing and use of compounded medicines dispensed by pharmacists. This has prompted debate over the need for more regulation of these products. We propose an expansion of off label prescribing guidelines to include a risk based assessment of pharmaceutical quality, a consumer information/education strategy and the development of a code of practice for pharmacists engaging in compounding. These strategies recognise a shared responsibility among prescribers, dispensers and regulators to achieve contemporary quality, safety, and efficacy standards and support the quality use of compounded medicines.
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J Family Med Prim Care
December 2024
Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotherapeutics
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School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. Electronic address:
Replacing cells lost during the progression of neurodegenerative disorders holds potential as a therapeutic strategy. Unfortunately, the majority of cells die post-transplantation, which creates logistical and biological challenges for cell therapy approaches. The cause of cell death is likely to be multifactorial in nature but has previously been correlated with hypoxia in the graft core.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, WOAH Collaborating Centre in Risk Analysis and Modelling, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
Chicken meat (broiler) production is a rapidly growing livestock sector in India, and one dominated by contract farming. Studies have reported high levels of antibiotic use in Indian broiler farms which is concerning given this is one of the driving forces for the development of antibiotic resistance. This study used the economic lens of agency theory to examine strategic decisions which occur during contract broiler production and their potential impact on antibiotic use, using West Bengal as a case study.
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Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: Referred to as the "forgotten chamber," the right ventricle (RV) is now widely acknowledged as a significant factor, particularly in certain cardiovascular pathologies. Despite historically being undervalued in comparison to the left ventricle, the RV function is deemed crucial in determining patient outcomes following mitral valve (MV) surgery. In the context of MV surgery, it is important to note that the RV is highly susceptible to dysfunction before, during, and after the surgical procedure.
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