Background: Vitiligo is a chronic acquired hypomelanotic disorder affecting 0.5-2% of the world's population. The two major pathogenetic hypotheses are focused on immune-mediated or toxic-mediated cell damage primarily directed at melanocytes. Recent experimental data underline the complex interactions that exist between melanocytes and other cells found in the skin.
Objective: Among these cells, keratinocytes are able to influence both the survival and the functional activity of melanocytes. In order to gain insights into the involvement of different types of epidermic cells in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, we have performed an ultrastructural study on lesional, perilesional and normal skin from 12 patients. All these patients suffered from non-segmental vitiligo, with a similar clinical history in terms of lesion extension and duration of the disease.
Methods: We have therefore grown cultures of keratinocytes from lesional, perilesional and healthy skin, evaluating the presence of oxidative damage and apoptotic markers in the cells.
Results: Taken together, our results indicate that keratinocytes from perilesional skin show features of damaged cells.
Conclusion: Our data, besides considering the achromic patch as the terminal event of a chain of biological processes that take place in the perilesional skin, highlight keratinocytes as having an important role in the development of vitiligo.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.02.004 | DOI Listing |
Ther Adv Neurol Disord
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
In multiple sclerosis (MS), increasing disability is considered to occur due to persistent, chronic inflammation trapped within the central nervous system (CNS). This condition, known as smoldering neuroinflammation, is present across the clinical spectrum of MS and is currently understood to be relatively resistant to treatment with existing disease-modifying therapies. Chronic active white matter lesions represent a key component of smoldering neuroinflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Perihematomal hypoperfusion may lead to ischemic damage during intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage (ICH), resulting in worse prognosis. We aimed to (1) investigate the relationship between serum biomarkers related to oxidative stress and vasoactive substances and the occurrence of hypoperfusion and ischemic perihematomal lesions in ICH and (2) evaluate their correlation with the volumetric evolution of the hematoma and perihematomal edema. We enrolled 28 patients affected by ICH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Radiol Ultrasound
January 2025
Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
There are few published descriptions of the MRI appearance of canine intracranial or spinal cord ependymoma. In this multicenter, retrospective, secondary analysis, case series study, three veterinary radiologists independently reviewed and recorded imaging characteristics of MRI studies in six dogs with histopathologically confirmed ependymoma (three intracranial and three spinal cord cases). A consensus was reached when there was disagreement on specific features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Radiotherapy, ABC Medical Center, Mexico City, MEX.
Background: Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common type of intracranial tumors, frequently arising from primary cancers such as lung, breast, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in assessing both the morphological and molecular characteristics of BMs, particularly in evaluating treatment response following radiosurgery. However, the interpretation of these imaging changes remains complex, often influencing clinical decision-making.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld Neurosurg
December 2024
Department of Radiology, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumors of the cerebrum (MVNTs) are rare, seizure-related, low-grade tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) which usually affect young adults. First described by Huse et al. in 2013, these neoplasms are usually located within the deep cortical ribbon and the superficial white matter and have a characteristic cytoarchitecture of cells with neuronal and glial differentiation that form multiple nodules with conspicuous vacuolation.
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