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Autophagy: molecular machinery, regulation, and implications for renal pathophysiology. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Autophagy is a cellular process that involves cells "self-eating" by engulfing parts of their cytoplasm in structures called autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes for degradation.
  • - The process relies on a family of genes known as Atg, first found in yeast and now recognized in mammalian cells, highlighting its importance in cellular maintenance and response to stress.
  • - Recent studies suggest that autophagy not only helps cells survive during nutrient shortages but can also lead to cell death or play a role in kidney function and related diseases.

Article Abstract

Autophagy is a cellular process of "self-eating." During autophagy, a portion of cytoplasm is enveloped in double membrane-bound structures called autophagosomes, which undergo maturation and fusion with lysosomes for degradation. At the core of the molecular machinery of autophagy is a specific family of genes or proteins called Atg. Originally identified in yeast, Atg orthologs are now being discovered in mammalian cells and have been shown to play critical roles in autophagy. Traditionally, autophagy is recognized as a cellular response to nutrient deprivation or starvation whereby cells digest cytoplasmic organelles and macromolecules to recycle nutrients for self-support. However, studies during the last few years have indicated that autophagy is a general cellular response to stress. Interestingly, depending on experimental conditions, especially stress levels, autophagy can directly induce cell death or act as a mechanism of cell survival. In this review, we discuss the molecular machinery, regulation, and function of autophagy. In addition, we analyze the recent findings of autophagy in renal systems and its possible role in renal pathophysiology.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5243206PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00033.2009DOI Listing

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