Perception of early parenting in panic and agoraphobia.

Acta Psychiatr Scand

Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Florence University Medical School, Italy.

Published: July 1991

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Thirty-two patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of panic disorder (PD) were administered the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), a 25-item self-report questionnaire devised to evaluate parental rearing practices. Compared with 32 matched healthy controls, PD patients scored both their parents as being significantly less caring and more overprotective. Moreover, the consistency of parental attitudes between the 2 parents was significantly lower, indicating lesser uniformity in the rearing patterns.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb01411.xDOI Listing

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