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Performance of Ultrasensitive Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for JC Polyomavirus in Cerebrospinal Fluid Compared with Pathological Diagnosis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.
Viruses
December 2024
Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease caused by the JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Based on the clinical criteria, PML is diagnosed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of JCPyV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in combination with neurological and imaging findings. Although the utility of CSF JCPyV testing using ultrasensitive PCR assays has been suggested, its potential requires further evaluation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA NIRS-Based Technique for Monitoring Brain Tissue Oxygenation in Stroke Patients.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Division of Neurological Rehabilitiation, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico.
Stroke is a global health issue caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, which leads to severe motor disabilities. Measuring oxygen levels in the brain tissue is crucial for understanding the severity and evolution of stroke. While CT or fMRI scans are preferred for confirming a stroke due to their high sensitivity, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)-based systems could be an alternative for monitoring stroke evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptimized Synthetic Correlated Diffusion Imaging for Improving Breast Cancer Tumor Delineation.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Breast cancer is a significant cause of death from cancer in women globally, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic imaging to enhance patient outcomes. Accurate tumor identification is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, emphasizing the importance of advanced imaging technologies that provide detailed views of tumor characteristics and disease. Recently, a new imaging modality named synthetic correlated diffusion imaging (CDI) has been showing promise for enhanced prostate cancer delineation when compared to existing MRI imaging modalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMachine Learning Recognizes Stages of Parkinson's Disease Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Computer Science, Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, 86 Koszykowa Street, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are debilitating conditions that affect millions worldwide, and the number of cases is expected to rise significantly in the coming years. Because early detection is crucial for effective intervention strategies, this study investigates whether the structural analysis of selected brain regions, including volumes and their spatial relationships obtained from regular T1-weighted MRI scans ( = 168, PPMI database), can model stages of PD using standard machine learning (ML) techniques. Thus, diverse ML models, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Classifier, and Rough Sets, were trained and evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImage Synthesis in Nuclear Medicine Imaging with Deep Learning: A Review.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
Nuclear medicine imaging (NMI) is essential for the diagnosis and sensing of various diseases; however, challenges persist regarding image quality and accessibility during NMI-based treatment. This paper reviews the use of deep learning methods for generating synthetic nuclear medicine images, aimed at improving the interpretability and utility of nuclear medicine protocols. We discuss advanced image generation algorithms designed to recover details from low-dose scans, uncover information hidden by specific radiopharmaceutical properties, and enhance the sensing of physiological processes.
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