Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models need the correct organ/tissue weights to match various total body weights in order to be applied to children and the obese individual. Baseline data from Reference Man for the growth of human organs (adrenals, brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, spleen, thymus, and thyroid) were augmented with autopsy data to extend the describing polynomials to include the morbidly obese individual (up to 250 kg). Additional literature data similarly extends the growth curves for blood volume, muscle, skin, and adipose tissue. Collectively these polynomials were used to calculate blood/organ/tissue weights for males and females from birth to 250 kg, which can be directly used to help parameterize PBPK models. In contrast to other black/white anthropomorphic measurements, the data demonstrated no observable or statistical difference in weights for any organ/tissue between individuals identified as black or white in the autopsy reports.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390802647203 | DOI Listing |
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc
December 2024
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
In low-to-middle income countries, acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) remains the leading infectious cause of death among infants and children under 5 years old. Case-control studies based on upper respiratory sampling have informed current understandings of ALRI etiologies; in contrast, minimally-invasive tissue sampling (MITS) offers a method of directly interrogating lower respiratory tract pathogens to establish etiologic distributions. This study performed in the post-mortem setting used MITS and a Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) panel to elucidate causes of fatal pneumonia in the community in Lusaka, Zambia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Neurol
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Importance: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare, rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Definite sCJD diagnosis can only be made post mortem, and little is known about the prodromal phase of the disease.
Objective: To compare drug prescription patterns before the clinical onset of sCJD between patients and matched controls for exploration of potential risk factors and to assess correlations between drug exposure and sCJD survival.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
Background: Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is a common neuropathologic finding at advanced age that associates with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and is often comorbid with AD pathology. Neuroimaging measurements of LATE-NC-associated limbic degeneration have been proposed as indirect biomarkers, but molecular-specific biomarkers for LATE-NC are still lacking. Here we used combined ante-mortem blood and MRI data to study TDP-43 levels in plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV-TDP-43) and hippocampal volume (HV) in relation to LATE-NC and HS at autopsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Imaging and plasma markers are used as key indicators of disease for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but their usefulness in predicting regional tau pathology is relatively understudied. Our objective was to construct predictive models for regional tau pathology measured on postmortem brain tissue using multiple ante-mortem AD biomarkers. We focused on hippocampal and parietal regions that were immunostained with AT8 and 2E9 that reflect early and advanced aspects of tangle maturity, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: SAAs represent a promising biomarker of Lewy Body disease (LBD), with high sensitivity (87.3%, 95%CI: 0.755-0.
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