Preschoolers, elementary school children, and college students exhibited a spacing effect in the free recall of pictures when learning was intentional. When learning was incidental and a shallow processing task requiring little semantic processing was used during list presentation, young adults still exhibited a spacing effect, but children consistently failed to do so. Children, however, did manifest a spacing effect in incidental learning when an elaborate semantic processing task was used. These results limit the hypothesis that the spacing effect in free recall occurs automatically and constrain theoretical accounts of why the spacing between repetitions affects recall performance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/MC.37.3.316 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Nutr
January 2025
Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Purpose: To examine the associations and substitutions of dietary sugars [extrinsic (free) or intrinsic (non-free)] as well as dietary starch and fiber intakes for indices of body fat and cardiometabolic health.
Methods: Dietary intake was assessed at multiple times using multi-day 24-hour recalls over 18-months for indices of body fat (body fat %, waist circumference, BMI, and weight change) (n = 1066) and at baseline and 12 months for cardiometabolic outcomes (LDL, HDL, HbA1c) (n = 736). Bayesian modeling was applied to analyze the probabilistic impact of dietary carbohydrate components using credible intervals for association and substitution analyses with repeated measures random effects modeling.
Front Psychol
January 2025
Other, Portland, OR, United States.
Introduction: This study explored the impacts of the narrative elaboration technique (NET) and open-ended rapport building on younger ( = 30, ages 5-6) and older ( = 30, ages 7-8) children's free recall and suggestibility.
Methods: Children were randomly assigned to either a NET condition or an open-ended rapport condition after engaging in a photo-taking play session with an experimenter. Then, a novel interviewer asked them about the play session.
Mem Cognit
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
The accuracy of metacognitive judgments is rarely incentivized in experiments; hence, it depends on the participants' willingness to invest cognitive resources and respond truthfully. According to arguments promoted in economic research that performance cannot reach its full potential without proper motivation, metacognitive abilities might therefore have been underestimated. In two experiments (N = 128 and N = 129), we explored the impact of incentives on the accuracy of judgments of learning (JOLs), memory performance, and cue use in free recall of word lists.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMIA Open
February 2025
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
Objectives: Deidentification of personally identifiable information in free-text clinical data is fundamental to making these data broadly available for research. However, there exist gaps in the deidentification landscape with regard to the functionality and flexibility of extant tools, as well as suboptimal tradeoffs between deidentification accuracy and speed. To address these gaps and tradeoffs, we develop a new Python-based deidentification software, pyDeid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Integrating machine learning (ML) models into healthcare systems is a rapidly evolving field with the potential to revolutionize care delivery. This study aimed to classify fertility rates and identify significant predictors using ML models among reproductive women in Ethiopia. This study utilized eight ML models in 5864 reproductive-age women using Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS), 2019 data.
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