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'Why Don't We Get Counselling?': Comparing NICE Guidelines for Morphological and Genetic Cancer Risk Diagnoses.
Cancer Med
January 2025
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Background: In the UK's National Health Service (NHS), there is specific psychosocial care offered to people with genetic cancer risk conditions but not morphological cancer risk conditions. As researchers develop new ways to diagnose morphological risk conditions, including precancers and in situ cancers, it is important to consider the psychosocial care that those diagnosed might require.
Objectives: This study compares the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's guidelines for BRCA1/2, which are genetic risk conditions, and Barrett's oesophagus (BO), a morphological risk condition.
Anniversary fever? History and the culture of NHS celebration.
Mod Br Hist
January 2025
Centre for the History of Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Delivered a day after Britain's National Health Service (NHS) reached its 75th year since its opening on the Appointed Day of 5 July 1948, the Pimlott Lecture for 2023 explored the culture of NHS anniversary-making. What can the marking of these anniversaries tell us about changing attitudes towards the service, and indeed, the British state? Here, examining evidence from the media, government archives, and Mass Observation, we argue that NHS anniversaries have long functioned as points of reflection but that their role as moments of national celebration and even communion has come to the fore only recently and culminated in the apparent 'anniversary fever' of 2018. We will explore the reasons behind the growing public fervour, what it can tell us, and the lessons offered by our work on this (still) best-loved of British institutions for historians working on highly politicized objects in 'fevered' times.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFListening to placebos: the contested lessons of antidepressants debates.
Hist Philos Life Sci
January 2025
University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The goal of this paper is to explore a set of epistemological and ontological issues regarding the historical and philosophical role of placebos in the contested history of antidepressants. Starting from an account of the dual nature of the placebo as both an epistemic and a therapeutic tool, and against the background of the heated debates on the efficacy of second-generation antidepressants, I propose two related arguments. First, I argue that placebos as controls played a crucial but paradoxical role in the rise of so-called evidence-based approaches to depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructural Variation Interpretation in the Genome Sequencing Era: Lessons from Cytogenetics.
Clin Chem
January 2025
Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Background: Structural variation (SV), defined as balanced and unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements >1 kb, is a major contributor to germline and neoplastic disease. Large variants have historically been evaluated by chromosome analysis and now are commonly recognized by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). The increasing application of genome sequencing (GS) in the clinic and the relatively high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in sick newborns and children highlights the need for accurate SV interpretation and reporting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistorical precursors of the field we now call epidemiology date back to Hippocrates. Modern epidemiological science, however, developed as domestic and international infectious disease transmission accompanied industrialization, some nations' economic growth, and colonial powers' military expansion and dominance. This article canvasses ways in which modern epidemiology influenced public health innovation from the late 18th century through the mid-19th century.
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