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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Function: insertAPISummary
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: str_replace
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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The use of low concentrations of urea, guanidinium chloride or arginine has been reported in the literature to increase protein refolding and yield of active proteins by suppressing aggregate formation. However, no studies have yet examined whether these substances can exert synergistic or cooperative effects when used in combination. In this work, a comparative study was carried out on refolding of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in the presence of different concentrations of urea, guanidinium chloride or arginine. All three folding aids could inhibit the formation of insoluble aggregates of rhG-CSF but with different efficacies. A low concentration of guanidinium chloride was found to denature protein, so that rhG-CSF was not fully or correctly folded even if concentration was reduced to 1M. Low concentration of urea (2M) or arginine (0.5M) did not cause rhG-CSF denaturation, but urea was unable to suppress the formation of soluble oligomers, which persisted at a level of about 30% in refolded soluble rhG-CSF. Arginine, in contrast, could inhibit formation of all soluble oligomers. Based on these phenomena, we tested rhG-CSF folding in a mixture of 2M urea and 0.5M arginine. Kinetic analysis indicated that urea aided in suppressing insoluble precipitates, while arginine prevented formation of soluble oligomers produced by hydrophobic interaction. With this combination system, the refolding yield of rhG-CSF could be increased 2-fold.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2009.02.004 | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
December 2024
Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
The goal of this work was to synthesize new compounds for anticancer evaluation as a trial to obtain new antitumor agents with higher activity and fewer side effects. Therefore, the precursor 2,2'-(1,4-phenylenebis (thiazole-4,2-diyl))bis (3-(dimethylamino)acrylonitrile) was used to synthesize various azolopyrimidine derivatives connected to the thiazole moiety. Compounds -, including pyrazolopyrimidine, triazolopyrimidine, and others, were produced by reacting enaminonitrile with different -nucleophiles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
December 2024
Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing holds great potential for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which however, is challenged by the lack of efficient cytosolic protein delivery tools. Herein, reversibly-phosphorylated pro-proteins (P-proteins) with conjugated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) tags are engineered and coupled with a membrane-penetrating, guanidine-enriched, α-helical polypeptide (GP) to mediate robust and universal cytosolic delivery. GP forms salt-stable nanocomplexes (NCs) with P-proteins via electrostatic interaction and salt bridging, and the helix-assisted, strong membrane activities of GP enabled efficient cellular internalization and endolysosomal escape of NCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Soc Mass Spectrom
December 2024
Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States.
Sample carryover is a common problem in hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, particularly because immobilized protease columns cannot withstand the high organic solvent concentrations typically used in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for cleaning. Conventional cleaning methods using injections of guanidine HCl still suffer from carryover and may require four blanks after each sample run to fully remove carryover. We have implemented an additional LC pump to deliver customized wash solutions to protease and enzyme columns, and the associated LC capillaries to eliminate carryover.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
December 2024
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.
The achievement of sufficient dispersion of vulcanization accelerators is critical to tailoring superior cross-linked elastomers. Modern recipes rely on multicomponent formulations with silica particles covered by coupling agents. We study the molecular properties of select accelerators in polyisoprene melts and their affinity for functionalized surfaces via extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Inorg Chem
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
The ferryl state in globins has previously been reported to undergo a protonation event below pH 5, as assessed using pH jump experiments with stopped-flow UV-Vis spectroscopy. This protonation entails hypsochromic shifts in the α and β bands (~ 20 to 40 nm) and an ~ 10 nm reduction in the energy difference between these two bands. We now report that in Mb this event is also characterized by a hypsochromic shift in the Soret band (~ 5 nm).
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