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Melanotan II User Experience: A Qualitative Study of Online Discussion Forums.
Dermatology
February 2022
Dermatology Department, Sligo University Hospital, Sligo, Ireland.
Background: Melanotan II (MT II) is a synthetic analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that, via interaction with the melanocortin 1 receptor, induces skin hyperpigmentation. The unregulated acquisition of MT II injections via the internet and other outlets has become popular over the last decades in order to exploit its properties for use as a tanning agent. Due to the covert nature of MT II use, it is difficult to assess the extent of its use among the general population and to characterise any associated side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRestoration of Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction by Long-Term Activation of the CNS Leptin-Melanocortin System.
JACC Basic Transl Sci
January 2021
Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Heart failure has a high mortality rate, and current therapies offer limited benefits. The authors demonstrate that activation of the central nervous system leptin-melanocortin pathway confers remarkable protection against progressive heart failure following severe myocardial infarction. The beneficial cardiac-protective actions of leptin require activation of brain melanocortin-4 receptors and elicit improvements in cardiac substrate oxidation, cardiomyocyte contractility, Ca coupling, and mitochondrial efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelanotan Tanning Injection: A Rare Cause of Priapism.
Sex Med
February 2021
Division of Urology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.
Melanotan II, an injectable melanocortin analog, is illicitly available on the internet to generate a sunless tan through melanocyte induction. It is also used as a sexual stimulant in unlicensed performance enhancement clinics, and has been investigated as a possible treatment agent in erectile dysfunction. We describe in this case report a patient presenting with acute ischemic priapism after subcutaneous injection of melanotan II.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGα/Gα deficiency in dorsomedial hypothalamus leads to obesity resulting from decreased energy expenditure and impaired sympathetic nerve activity.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
February 2021
Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.
The G-protein subunits Gα and Gα (Gα) couple receptors to phospholipase C, leading to increased intracellular calcium. In this study we investigated the consequences of G/α deficiency in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), a critical site for the control of energy homeostasis. Mice with DMH-specific deletion of Gα (DMHGq/11KO) were generated by stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-Cre-green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the DMH of Gα:Gα mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA sentinel population: The public health benefits of monitoring enhanced body builders.
Int J Drug Policy
September 2021
Substance Use and Associated Behaviours, Department of Sociology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Geoffrey Manton Building, Rosamond Street West, Manchester M15 6LL, United Kingdom.
There is heightened recognition of the public health implications of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) for the use of image and performance enhancement; with increasing evidence of their long-term negative health impacts, the hazards associated with their administration (often via injection), and the variability and unpredictability of their contents. In order to optimise the effects of these drugs, together with strict dietary and training regimes, AAS users typically supplement their use with an expansive and continually evolving range of ancillary drugs. The discovery and subsequent adoption of these drugs by the broader AAS user population is largely dependent upon a minority of social influencers within the bodybuilding community.
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