[An appropriate chemotherapy for esophageal cancer from a histological standpoint].

The histology of esophageal cancer represents squamous cell carcinoma mainly in Eastern countries and adenocarcinoma in Western countries. This difference entails differences in treatment strategy. Thus, clinical studies in Japan are necessary, although recent trials showed marvelous progress. By adopting pharmacogenetic approaches for not only biomarkers but also targeting therapies, surgery can be surpassed in the near future.