This article has been designed to give a brief overview of antigen-antibody reactions, especially in the form used in immunoassays. The different types of label and assay design have been described briefly. The report has not been designed as a brief text book, so that diagrams referring to assay principles have been omitted. The number of tables and figures has been reduced to a minimum, the references being sufficient to enable the reader to go deeper into his areas of interest. The problems of internal and external quality assessment of immunoassays has been dealt with. Finally, a short section describes possible future trends in which immunoassay may play a role.
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Biology (Basel)
February 2022
Angiogenesis Unit, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logrono, Spain.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare disease characterized by vascular malformations and profuse bleeding. The disease is caused by mutations in the components of the BMP-9 receptor: endoglin () and activin receptor-like kinase 1 () genes. Recently, we reported that HHT patients expressed higher serum levels of adrenomedullin (AM) than healthy volunteers; thus, we studied the expression of AM (by enzyme immunoassay, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting) in mice deficient in either one of the receptor components to investigate whether these defects may be the cause of that elevated AM in patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Biochem
April 2020
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea. Electronic address:
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with a higher incidence in developed countries. The biomarkers for breast cancer such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, CA (cancer antigen) 15-3, CA 27.29, and carcinoembryonic antigen have been recommended for use in the laboratory based on the guidelines of American and European societies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Clin Transplant
April 2015
From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University; and the Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
Objectives: Studying immune tolerance induced by HLA-G in kidney allograft acceptance may help understanding of its mechanisms, hoping in the future to boaster it and decrease the immunosuppressive drugs given that are well known to have serious adverse effects.
Materials And Methods: The current study sought to evaluate soluble HLA-G in 3 groups: kidney transplanted patients with no rejection episodes, transplanted patients with biopsy-proven renal rejection, and healthy age-matched non transplanted individuals. Three groups were studied: kidney transplanted patients with no rejection episodes (n = 43); transplanted patients with biopsy-proven renal rejection (n = 27); healthy, age-matched, nontransplanted individuals as controls (n = 42).
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
October 2013
School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
Background: A sensitive and reliable rapid diagnostic test (RDT) which should have comparable diagnostic performance against reference host serological methods is urgently needed for use in point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis in pre school-aged children.
Methods: The diagnostic accuracy of a RDT incorporating Schistosoma mansoni cercarial transformation fluid (SmCTF) for anti-schistosome antibody detection was evaluated with serum samples from a cohort of children from Uganda: 42 children aged under the age of 3 years and 40 children aged between 3 and 5 years. The infection status of these children had been previously determined by inspection of quadruplicate Kato-Katz faecal smears, a single urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipstick and antibody titres to S.
Int J Oncol
February 2010
Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
Gemcitabine (Gem) is a dFdC analogue with activity against several solid tumors. Gem is intracellularly phosphorylated by dCK, leading to the production of the metabolite dFdCDP. dFdCDP exhibits the cytotoxic effect by inactivating ribonucleotide reductase larger subunit 1 (RRM1), which is a rate limiting enzyme for de novo DNA synthesis.
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