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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642863 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.2009.080400 | DOI Listing |
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Cognitive and Human Factors in Expert Decision Making: Six Fallacies and the Eight Sources of Bias.
Anal Chem
June 2020
University College London (UCL), London WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom.
Fallacies about the nature of biases have shadowed a proper cognitive understanding of biases and their sources, which in turn lead to ways that minimize their impact. Six such fallacies are presented: it is an ethical issue, only applies to "bad apples", experts are impartial and immune, technology eliminates bias, blind spot, and the illusion of control. Then, eight sources of bias are discussed and conceptualized within three categories: (A) factors that relate to the specific case and analysis, which include the data, reference materials, and contextual information, (B) factors that relate to the specific person doing the analysis, which include past experience base rates, organizational factors, education and training, and personal factors, and lastly, (C) cognitive architecture and human nature that impacts all of us.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndependent Medical Examinations: facts and fallacies.
Pain Physician
December 2009
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: Independent Medical Examinations (IMEs) have protected the rights of workers in the United States since the first laws protecting employees were established in the early 1900s. There have been many social advancements and a great collective struggle over the last 100 years that have ultimately lead to justice for the injured or disabled worker.
Objective: We describe the origins of the IME as well as the evolution of both medical and social processes that have provided the legal framework for the correct practice of IMEs.
[Religious beliefs and the bioethical job].
Cuad Bioet
June 2009
Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Murcia 30100 Espinardo. Murcia. Spain.
In modern-day Spain, it is often said that possessing religious beliefs must be a hindrance in studying, investigating and teaching bioethics. Critics point to a lack of impartiality, a temptation to impose one's own beliefs and the difficulty in reaching consensus (so necessary in this field) as consequences of such a state. We analyse these so-called difficulties in this article.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimal experimentation: pro and con arguments using the theory of evolution.
Med Health Care Philos
May 2002
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences (Biomedical Ethics), Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, Sweden.
The theory of evolution has been used in arguments regarding animal experimentation. Two such arguments are analyzed, one against and one in favor. Each argument stresses the relevance of the theory of evolution to normative ethics but attempts explicitly to avoid the so-called naturalistic fallacy.
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