Anatomic and histologic variability of epithelial apoptosis in small bowel transplants.

Surveillance ileoscopies are performed regularly immediately post-transplantation to prevent allograft rejection. We investigated whether variability in apoptosis exists between proximal and distal intestinal limbs of double-barreled ileostomies, and if detection varies according to number of biopsies taken and sections prepared for evaluation. We retrospectively analyzed endoscopy/pathology reports of patients who underwent simultaneous proximal and distal ileoscopies during surveillance. We re-reviewed three sections of selected biopsies for the presence of apoptotic bodies and viral inclusions. Seven patients underwent 26 endoscopies in which both distal and proximal limbs were investigated simultaneously. Apoptosis was identified in each limb simultaneously in 21/26 cases (81%). Of the discrepant results, 3/5 (60%) revealed apoptosis in the proximal limb with normal distal limb and 2/5 (40%) had apoptotic bodies identified in the distal limb and normal proximal biopsies. Re-reviewing discrepant biopsies, two patients had at least one piece of mucosa without apoptosis and apoptotic bodies were seen in only 47% of sections. Histologic variability exists between proximal and distal limbs of double-barreled ileostomies and detection of apoptosis increases with number of pieces obtained and sections examined. Investigating both limbs with adequate sample size and rigorous processing may have clinical implications.