The most important step for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis in the leg and pelvis is the immediate and sufficient anticoagulation by subcutaneous application of low-molecular-weight heparins or fondaparinux. Prevention of a relapse can be achieved by subsequent oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists, whereas treatment duration is based on localisation of the thrombus and underlying risk factors. Immediate mobilisation of the patient is a fundamental step. Treatment with a compression bandage and subsequent use of compression stockings is a further effective step in reducing pain and swelling, preventing pulmonary embolism and a postthrombotic syndrome (PTS).
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