Despite the fact that alum and oil-in-water emulsions have been used for decades as human vaccine adjuvants in a large number of individuals, their mechanism of action is not completely understood. It has been reported that these particulate adjuvants act by increasing antigen availability and uptake by immune cells. However, recent work on alum and on the squalene-based emulsion MF59, has demonstrated that besides antigen delivery functions, these classes of adjuvants can also activate innate immunity pathways in vivo, generating an immunocompetent environment at injection site. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that alum adjuvanticity depends on the activation of a protein complex called NLPR3/inflammasome, which is required for the correct processing of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL1beta. More work needs to be performed to investigate if the inflammasome is also required for the activity of MF59 and of other particulate vaccine adjuvants.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.084 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Enhanced Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication in Nsp4- or Nsp2-Overexpressed Marc-145 Cell Lines.
Vet Sci
January 2025
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. The killed PRRSV vaccine has been reported to be safe and could elicit humoral responses. The killed PRRSV vaccine with a high viral antigen load combined with robust adjuvants could provide good protection against the infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTLR Agonist Immunoadjuvants Provide Effective Protection Against PCV2 and PRV Infections in a Bivalent Subunit Vaccine for PCV2 and PRV.
Vet Sci
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Diseases associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) significantly affect the economy of pig farms, particularly when combined infections lead to bacterial co-infections. Antigens from the pseudorabies variant strain gB and gD proteins and PCV2 (genotyped) Cap protein were mixed with the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonist FLICd as adjuvants and formulated with a micro-hydrogel adjuvant into PCV2 and PRV bivalent subunit vaccines. Twenty pigs, aged 30-35 days, were divided into groups A (received bivalent subunit vaccine) and B (received bivalent subunit vaccines with recombinant FLICd adjuvant), as well as C (non-vaccinated challenge control) and D (blank control).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLive Plague Vaccine Development: Past, Present, and Future.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Laboratory for Plague Microbiology, Especially Dangerous Infections Department, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia.
During the last 100 years, vaccine development has evolved from an empirical approach to one of the more rational vaccine designs where the careful selection of antigens and adjuvants is key to the desired efficacy for challenging pathogens and/or challenging populations. To improve immunogenicity while maintaining a favorable reactogenicity and safety profile, modern vaccine design must consider factors beyond the choice of target antigen alone. With new vaccine technologies currently emerging, it will be possible to custom-design vaccines for optimal efficacy in groups of people with different responses to vaccination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetically Engineered Bacterial Ghosts as Vaccine Candidates Against Infection.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Laboratory for Plague Microbiology, Especially Dangerous Infections Department, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia.
Bacterial ghosts (BGs), non-living empty envelopes of bacteria, are produced either through genetic engineering or chemical treatment of bacteria, retaining the shape of their parent cells. BGs are considered vaccine candidates, promising delivery systems, and vaccine adjuvants. The practical use of BGs in vaccine development for humans is limited because of concerns about the preservation of viable bacteria in BGs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeveloping an Effective Therapeutic HPV Vaccine to Eradicate Large Tumors by Genetically Fusing Xcl1 and Incorporating IL-9 as Molecular Adjuvants.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent infection affecting both men and women, leading to various cytological lesions. Therapeutic vaccines mount a HPV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, thus clearing HPV-infected cells. However, no therapeutic vaccines targeting HPV are currently approved for clinical treatment due to limited efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!