Ultrasonic dopplerograpy of peripheral, including transcranial, blood circulation was performed in 8 normal volunteers for 7-day dry immersion experiment. Linear blood velocity (LBV) was measured in main arteries and veins of the head and lower extremities. Investigations were conducted on days 2 and 5 of immersion and on day 2 of recovery. The data were compared with baseline values determined before the experiment. LBV slowed down in all the vessels under investigation; the effect was most pronounced in the veins. On day 5, behavior of venous cerebral circulation in some of the volunteers indirectly attested to elevation of intracranial pressure. In the period of recovery, arterial LBV was largely equal to baselines values. Slower recovery of venous blood circulation was treated as an aftereffect of support deprivation.
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Neuroimage
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address:
Cardiorespiratory signals have long been treated as "noise" in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, with the goal of minimizing their impact to isolate neural activity. However, there is a growing recognition that these signals, once seen as confounding variables, provide valuable insights into brain function and overall health. This shift reflects the dynamic interaction between the cardiovascular, respiratory, and neural systems, which together support brain activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
Background: The brain is shielded from the peripheral circulation by central nervous system (CNS) barriers, comprising the well-known blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the less recognized blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier located within the brain ventricles. The gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms that can influence the health of the host, including the development of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between the gut and brain remain elusive, and the means by which gut-derived signals traverse the CNS barriers remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Understanding the physiological connection between platelets and brain function reveals new paradigms in neurodegenerative disease treatment. Platelets, traditionally associated with hemostasis, but also sometimes regarded as a mirror of neurons in the blood circulation, also encompass a spectrum of neurobiological roles, including neuroinflammation modulation, neurogenesis, and synaptic remodeling. These roles are primarily mediated through a rich array of bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs), capable of traversing the blood-brain barrier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Background: Spatial disorientation is an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The hippocampus creates a cognitive map, wherein cells form firing fields in specific locations within an environment, termed place cells. Critically, place cells remain stable across visits to an environment, but change their firing rate or field location in a different environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases named after Most Holy John Tobolsky, Moscow, Moscow, Russia.
Background: Dementia aggravates most cerebrovascular lesions, which requires differentiating the developed microcirculatory changes when making a diagnosis. We consider the features of cerebral microcirculation disorders in Alzheimer's disease (AD), distal cerebral atherosclerosis, Binswanger's disease (BD), and vascular parkinsonism (VP).
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