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Evaluation of a national framework for rational use of medicines in Kazakhstan and its role in improving medicine use practices at the organizational and national levels.
BMC Health Serv Res
January 2025
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Evidence-Based Medicine, NCJSC "Karaganda Medical University", 40, Gogolya St, Karaganda, 100000, Kazakhstan.
Background: Kazakhstan inherited the Semashko health system model, known for the centralized adoption of rules at the Ministry of Health (MoH) level that regulate the healthcare system. In 2019 MoH established a national framework with indicators aimed at collecting qualitative and quantitative data from healthcare organizations as part of their annual self-evaluation, and biannual external evaluation by the National Research Center for Health Development (NRCHD). The purpose of this study was to pilot the MoH framework on rational use of medicines and evaluate its effects on medicine use practices in health care organizations and at the national level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman health risk assessment from potentially toxic elements in the soils of Sudan: A meta-analysis.
Sci Total Environ
December 2024
Department of Physical Geography, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address:
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils threaten human health through several exposure pathways. However, health risks posed by PTEs in soils in developing countries have not yet been comprehensively investigated. Thus, such countries lack important information that is needed to implement sustainable solutions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurchase, consumption, and ownership of chickens and chicken products among households in Maputo, Mozambique: A cross-sectional study.
One Health
December 2024
Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
Background: Chickens are an important source of animal protein, nutrition, and income in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). They are also a major reservoir of enteropathogens that contribute to the burden of illnesses among children. Food systems present a risk for transmission of enteropathogens from poultry to humans, but there is a lack of population-level data on the pattern of purchase, ownership, and consumption of live chickens and their products in LMICs to better characterize that risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman biomonitoring health-based guidance values: A case study of the HB2GV Dashboard and DEHP.
Int J Hyg Environ Health
January 2025
Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- In 2022, the International Society of Exposure Science launched the HB2GV Dashboard, a free online tool that compiles approximately 600 human biomonitoring guidance values for over 150 chemicals to assist risk assessors and managers.
- The Dashboard includes various types of guidance values, primarily focusing on Biomonitoring Equivalents and Human Biomonitoring values, but new users may struggle to understand how to interpret these values effectively.
- A case study on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is presented to highlight the differences in derivation methods, quality, and confident interpretation of guidance values, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate HB2GVs for informed health-based decisions.
A comprehensive library of lifetime physiological equations for PBK models: Enhancing dietary exposure modeling with mercury as a case study.
Environ Res
January 2025
Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:
Dietary risk assessment of food contaminants requires a well-established understanding of the exposure in a heterogeneous population. There are many methods for estimating human exposure to food contaminants, such as intake calculations and internal biomarkers of exposure measured in individuals. However, those methods are expensive, partly invasive, and often provide a momentary exposure snapshot.
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