The quantitative measurement of jet fuel additives in the field is of interest to the Air Force. The "smart nozzle" project was designed as a state-of-the-art diagnostics package attached to a single-point refueling nozzle for assessing key fuel properties as the fuel is dispensed. The objective of the work was to show proof of concept that a layer-by-layer thin film and long period grating fibers could be used to detect the presence of water in jet fuel. The data for the nafion/PDMA film and a long period grating fiber is a combination capable of quantitative measurement of water in kerosene. The average response (spectral loss wavelength shift) to the kerosene sample ranged from -6.0 for 15 ppm to -126.5 for 60 ppm water. The average calculated value for the check standard was 21.71 and ranged from 21.25 to 22.00 with a true value of 22.5 ppm water. Potential interferences were observed and are judged to be insignificant in real samples.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.11.010 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
This investigation presents extensive computational analyses of the compressible flow near ramp injector with double circular injectors at supersonic combustor of scramjet engine. Comparison of the fuel mixing and fuel jet penetration of hydrogen jet are done for two injector configurations at free stream Mach number of 2. The simulation of the supersonic flow near ramp injector is done via solving RANS equations with computational fluid dynamic technique.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
January 2025
Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address:
Plastic mulching film is ubiquitous in modern agriculture for its heat preservation and moisture retention functions. However, plastic mulching film waste accumulated on land results in microplastic pollution, posing potential hazards as these micro and nanoplastics can enter the food chain. Chemical upcycling of waste mulching film is an emerging strategy to realize sustainable development and circular economy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
December 2024
University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Ladderane lipids synthesised by anammox bacteria hold significant potential for applications in jet fuel, drug delivery, and optoelectronics. Despite the widespread use of anammox bacteria in nitrogen removal from wastewater, the optimal conditions for maximising ladderane production remain unclear, limiting their broader application. To address this, we operated a fed-batch bioreactor with anammox bacteria, gradually adjusting the pH from 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
December 2024
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. Electronic address:
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Sensor Systems Group, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Portobello Centre, Pitt Street, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK.
This study introduces a novel approach to analysing the combustion process using a high-speed, non-contact, optical fibre-coupled Si avalanche photodiode (APD)-based infrared radiation thermometer (IRT). The Si APD-IRT, combined with an optimised field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital design, achieves a response time of 1 µs, faster than commercially available instruments. Our instrument captures the entire ignition and reignition cycle of a Jet A kerosene droplet with high temporal precision within a combustion chamber, a feat impossible with traditional thermocouples.
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