Five-year predictive validity of DSM-IV conduct disorder research diagnosis in 4(1/2)-5-year-old children.

Objective: This longitudinal study of a non-referred, population-based sample tested the 5-year predictive validity of the DSM-IV conduct disorder (CD) research diagnosis in children 4(1/2)-5 years of age.

Method: In the E-Risk Study, a representative birth cohort of 2,232 children, mothers were interviewed and teachers completed mailed questionnaires to assess children's past 6-month CD symptoms. A follow-up assessment was conducted when children were 10 years old.

Results: CD-diagnosed 5-year-olds were significantly more likely than controls to have behavioural and educational difficulties at age 10. Increased risk for age-10 educational difficulties persisted after controlling for age-5 IQ and ADHD diagnosis. Although the majority of CD-diagnosed 5-year-olds had no CD symptoms at age 10, findings suggest that these "remitted" children continued to experience behavioural and educational problems 5 years later despite their apparent remission from CD.

Conclusions: DSM-IV CD symptoms validly identify preschool-aged children who continue to have behavioural and educational problems in middle-childhood.