Background: Few studies have compared long-term moderate-intensity aerobic versus light-resistance training on serial improvements in glucose tolerance in older people.
Methods: Healthy, inactive older (74 +/- 5 [SD] years) women (N = 20) were randomized into either a high-volume, moderate-intensity aerobic (ATM, n = 12) or a lower-intensity resistance training (RTL, n = 8) group. Both groups exercised under supervision 4 times per week for 45- to 60-min sessions over 9 months. Measurements of plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months 48 hours after the last exercise session.
Results: We observed significant improvements in 2-hour glucose concentrations at 3, 6, and 9 months among women in the RTL(152 +/- 42 vs 134 +/- 33 vs 134 +/- 24 vs 130 +/- 27 mg x dL-1; P < .05), but not the ATM(151 +/- 25 vs 156 +/- 37 vs 152 +/- 40 vs 155 +/- 39 mg x dL-1) group. These improvements were accompanied by an 18% (P < .07) decrease in basal FFA concentrations in the RTLgroup, whereas basal and 30-min FFA concentrations increased (P < .05) after training in the ATMgroup.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that the net physiological benefits of exercise might have been blunted in the ATMgroup, owing to higher circulating levels of FFA, which might have temporarily interfered with insulin action.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.6.854 | DOI Listing |
Diabetes Obes Metab
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Objective: Post-prandial glucose response (PPGR) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Meal carbohydrate content is an important predictor of PPGR, but dietary interventions to mitigate PPGR are not always successful. A personalized approach, considering behaviour and habitual pattern of glucose excursions assessed by continuous glucose monitor (CGM), may be more effective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProg Cardiovasc Dis
December 2024
Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America.
American culture encourages overconsumption, fueled by ubiquitous availability and pervasive marketing of ultra-processed foods and other addictive substances. This chronic overindulgence has contributed to rising rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), substance abuse, mental health disorders and premature mortality. Glucose-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1RAs) affect the brain's reward pathway that mediates addiction to foods and various other substances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBone
December 2024
Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab, MABLab-ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France. Electronic address:
Obesity is a risk factor of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic complications, through systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. It has also been associated with increased bone marrow adipocytes along with increased bone fragility and fracture risk. However, the differential effects of obesity and T2D on bone fragility remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
January 2025
Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - IBM Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Aims: This study investigates the role of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) in the adaptation of pancreatic β-cells to an HFD-induced obesogenic environment, focusing on β cell mass expansion and metabolic adaptations.
Main Methods: We utilized an HNF4α knockout (KO) mouse model, with CRE-recombinase enzyme activation confirmed through tamoxifen administration. KO and Control (CTL) mice were fed an HFD for 20 weeks.
Cureus
November 2024
Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND.
Background Thalassemia is the most common form of hereditary anemia caused by the impaired synthesis of one of the two globin chains in hemoglobin. A decrease in beta-globin chains occurs in beta-thalassemia, resulting in a relative excess of alpha-globin chains. Thalassemia major is the severe form of thalassemia, which requires frequent blood transfusions for survival.
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