The combination of flow injection with electrophoresis using capillaries and chips.

The technique of combined flow injection CE (FI-CE) integrates the essential favorable merits of FI and CE. It utilizes the various excellent on-line sample pretreatments and preconcentration (such as cloud point extraction, SPE, ion-exchange, dynamic pH junction and head-column field-amplified sample stacking technique) of FI, which has the advantages of high speed, accuracy, precision and avoiding manual handling of sample and reagents. Therefore, the coupling of FI-CE is an attractive technique; it can significantly expand the application of CE and has achieved many publications since its first appearance. The basic principles, instrumental developments and applications of FI-CE system from 2006 to 2008 are reviewed.