The reaction of Ar(3)GeBr (Ar = 2,6-(OtBu)(2)C(6)H(3)), which is the side product of the synthesis of the metalloid germanium cluster compound Ge(8)Ar(6), with the silver salt of the weakly coordinating anion (WCA) [Al(OR(f))(4)](-) (R(f) = C(CF(3))(3)) gives the free germyl cation Ar(3)Ge(+). Quantum chemical calculations open an insight into the bonding situation of this first free cation exhibiting aryl ligands and a first reaction leading to Ar(3)GeOH is presented.
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Dalton Trans
February 2024
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Herein, we present that the radicals [PhPC(Me)EMes]˙ (2Si and 2Ge) can be generated from the α-silylated and α-germylated phosphorus ylides PhPC(Me)E(Cl)Mes (1Si and 1Ge) through one-electron reduction with Jones' dimer (NacNacMg) in benzene. Although isolation of the free radicals was not possible, the products of the intramolecular addition of the radicals to a phenyl substituent of the phosphorus moiety, followed by subsequent reaction with 2Si or 2Ge to the isolated species 3Si and 3Ge, respectively, were observed. This transformation witnesses a dearomative 1,4-addition of tetryl radical species to the phenyl scaffold in a stereoselective -fashion.
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October 2023
McMaster Analytical X-ray Diffraction Facility (MAX), McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.
Reactions of the ethylene hydride complex -[(dmpe)MnH(CH)] (1) with secondary hydrogermanes HGeR at 55-60 °C afforded the base-free terminal germylene hydride complexes -[(dmpe)MnH(GeR)] (R = Ph; 2a, R = Et; 2b). Room temperature reactions of 2a or 2b with an excess of the primary hydrogermanes HGeR' (R' = Ph or Bu) afforded -[(dmpe)MnH(GeHR')] (R' = Ph; 3a, R' = Bu; 3b) in rapid equilibrium with small amounts of 2a/b, as well as the digermyl hydride complex -[(dmpe)MnH(GeHR')] {R' = Ph (4a) or Bu (4b)} and the -hydrogermane germyl complex -[(dmpe)Mn(GeHR')(HGeHR')] {R' = Ph (5a) or Bu (5b)}. Pure 3b was isolated from the reaction of 2b with HGeBu, whereas 3a decomposed readily in solution in the absence of free HGePh, and a pure bulk sample was not obtained.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
June 2021
Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
We report an operationally simple, selective, and transition-metal-free germylation of arenes and styrenes at room temperature, using a robust and bench-stable Ge source (RGe-SiR) and dibenzothiophenium salts as enabling intermediates. The first direct engagement in cross-coupling of the newly made -alkenyl germanes is also presented, allowing the chemoselective arylation under air-tolerant nanoparticle catalysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
June 2020
Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
While aryl germanes have recently found usage as coupling partners in powerful catalytic applications, the synthetic access to this promising functionality is currently limited. This report details the straightforward synthesis of functionalized aryl triethylgermanes via formal C-H functionalization. Building on the concept of directing-group-free and site-selective C-H functionalization of arenes to thianthrenium salt intermediates, we showcase their efficient couplings with triethylgermane (EtGe-H) at room temperature, which was enabled by the air- and moisture-stable Pd(I) dimer, [Pd(μ-I)(PBu)].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrganometallics
January 2019
Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
The tris-N-heterocycle germanide (tmim)Ge () (tmimH = tris(3-methylindol-2-yl)methane) was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution for the tmim trianion on GeCl·dioxane. In combination with the previously reported (tmim)Si and (tmim)P analogues, it provides a convenient model for investigating the influence of the central atom on the properties of isoelectronic ligands. Complexation of the germanide (tmim)Ge to CuCl resulted in the dimeric chloro cuprate [(tmim)GeCu(μ-Cl)] , which is prone to dissociation in MeCN to form the neutral, solvated germylcopper (tmim)GeCu(NCMe).
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