The hallmark of HIV-1/simian immunodeficiency virus infections is the progressive depletion of CD4(+) T cells that ultimately renders the host incapable of defending against AIDS-defining opportunistic infections and malignancies. Although many potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain CD4(+) T-cell loss, this review focuses on the growing evidence that collagen deposition and consequent fibrotic damage to the lymphatic tissue T-cell compartment contributes to CD4(+) T-cell decline and limits CD4(+) T-cell repopulation, even with highly active antiretroviral therapy.
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