Histochemistry is a basic technique in the analysis of cell and tissue biology. Advances in staining techniques have provided the resolving power necessary to study complex organ structures such as the kidney. In this chapter we detail standard histochemical techniques used in our laboratory to localise antigens and carbohydrates with immuno and lectin binding, respectively. Our focus is on immunohistochemistry with fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and its application in the research laboratory.
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HLA-E is a nonclassical, nonpolymorphic, class Ib HLA molecule. Its primary function is to present a conserved nonamer peptide, termed VL9, derived from the signal sequence of classical MHC molecules to the NKG2x-CD94 receptors on NK cells and a subset of T lymphocytes. These receptors regulate the function of NK cells, and the importance of this role, which is conserved across mammalian species, probably accounts for the lack of genetic polymorphism.
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Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability globally. Understanding the role of chemokine-related differently expressed genes (CDGs) in ischemic stroke pathophysiology is essential for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. We conducted comprehensive analyses using the GSE16561 dataset: chemokine pathway enrichment via GSVA, differential expression of 12 CDGs, Pearson correlation, and functional enrichment analyses (GO and KEGG).
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