In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to study the structural aspects of the tomato fruit. The main study was performed on tomatoes (cv. Tradiro) using a 0.2-T electromagnet scanner. Spin-echo images were acquired to visualize the tomato macrostructure. The air bubble content in tissues was evaluated by exploiting susceptibility effects using multiple gradient echo images. The microstructure was further studied by measuring spin-spin (T(2)) and spin-lattice (T(1)) relaxation time distributions. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry, macro vision imaging and chemical analysis were used as complementary and independent experimental methods in order to emphasize the MRI results. MRI images showed that the air bubble content varied between tissues. The presence of gas was attested by macro vision images. Quantitative imaging showed that T(2) and T(1) maps obtained by MRI reflected the structural differences between tomato tissues and made it possible to distinguish between them. The results indicated that cell size and chemical composition contribute to the relaxation mechanism.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2008.11.005 | DOI Listing |
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
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Shanxi Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Safety Prevention and Control, Inspection and Testing Center of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Two novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors were detected in pressed candy using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection. Following extraction with acetonitrile and sonication, the compounds were isolated and purified semi-preparative liquid chromatography. Structural characterisation was achieved through high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Biomater Sci Eng
January 2025
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
Perianal fistulas (PAFs) are a severe complication of Crohn's disease that significantly impact patient prognosis and quality of life. While stem-cell-based strategies have been widely applied for PAF treatment, their efficacy remains limited. Our study introduces an injectable, temperature-controlled decellularized adipose tissue-alginate hydrogel loaded with dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPMSCs) for in vivo fistula treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
Testosterone, an essential sex steroid hormone, influences brain health by impacting neurophysiology and neuropathology throughout the lifespan in both genders. However, human research in this area is limited, particularly in women. This study examines the associations between testosterone levels, gray matter volume (GMV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in midlife individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), according to sex and menopausal status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Australia.
Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) patients share similar symptoms including post-exertional malaise, neurocognitive impairment, and memory loss. The neurocognitive impairment in both conditions might be linked to alterations in the hippocampal subfields. Therefore, this study compared alterations in hippocampal subfields of 17 long COVID, 29 ME/CFS patients, and 15 healthy controls (HC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Biol
January 2025
Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America.
Pivotal to self-preservation is the ability to identify when we are safe and when we are in danger. Previous studies have focused on safety estimations based on the features of external threats and do not consider how the brain integrates other key factors, including estimates about our ability to protect ourselves. Here, we examine the neural systems underlying the online dynamic encoding of safety.
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