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The mechanism of the Morita Baylis-Hillman reaction has been heavily studied in the literature, and a long series of computational studies have defined complete theoretical energy profiles in these reactions. We employ here a combination of mechanistic probes, including the observation of intermediates, the independent generation and partitioning of intermediates, thermodynamic and kinetic measurements on the main reaction and side reactions, isotopic incorporation from solvent, and kinetic isotope effects, to define the mechanism and an experimental mechanistic free-energy profile for a prototypical Morita Baylis-Hillman reaction in methanol. The results are then used to critically evaluate the ability of computations to predict the mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Practical Testing Battery to Measure Neurobehavioral Ability among Children with FASD.
Int J Alcohol Drug Res
November 2013
Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
Aims: To determine a brief, practical battery of tests that discriminate between children with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and unexposed controls.
Design: Children received dysmorphology exams, a targeted battery of cognitive and behavioral tests, and their mothers were interviewed about maternal risk factors. Children diagnosed with an FASD and children unexposed to alcohol prenatally were compared on cognitive/behavioral test results.
Combination of aripiprazole and ethanol attenuates marble-burying behavior in mice.
Acta Pol Pharm
June 2011
Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Post Box-38, Hisar-125 001, Haryana, India.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by absurd, recurrent thoughts (obsessions) followed by certain stereotyped actions (compulsions). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) abnormalities may be involved in OCD, and further, cause changes in serotonergic transmission that may have direct or indirect effects on the neuronal firing of other neuromodulators affecting thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Serotonin-related genes that are found in OCD include those coding for the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) and receptors (5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(1B)) as well the 5-HT enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[A review of the types of economic analyses of the health economy].
Ugeskr Laeger
January 1990
Vejle Amtskommune, Dansk Sygehus Institut, København.
Great confusion is involved concerning health economics analyses. For example: What is the difference between cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses? Is there a difference between the so-called cost-of-illness analyses? What is a financial analysis? These questions are discussed on the basis of the underlying economic theory and the use of the analyses. In order to avoid terminological confusion, the English terminology is retained.
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