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Objective: To examine the effects of three different parameters-pH value, type of archwire, and length of immersion-on release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances.
Materials And Methods: Simulated fixed orthodontic appliances that corresponded to one-half of the maxillary arch were immersed in artificial saliva of different pH values (6.75 +/- 0.15 and 3.5 +/- 0.15) during a 28-day period. Three types of archwires were used: stainless steel (SS), nickel-titanium (NiTi), and thermo NiTi. The quantity of metal ions was determined with the use of a high-resolution mass spectrophotometer (HR-ICP/MS).
Results: The release of six different metal ions was observed: titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Repeated measures statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Results showed that (1) the appliances released measurable quantities of all ions examined; (2) the change in pH had a very strong effect (up to 100-fold) on the release of ions; and (3) the release of ions was dependent on wire composition, but it was not proportional to the content of metal in the wire. The largest number of ions was released during the first week of appliance immersion.
Conclusion: Levels of released ions are sufficient to cause delayed allergic reactions. This must be taken into account when type of archwire is selected, especially in patients with hypersensitivity or compromised oral hygiene.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/083007-401.1 | DOI Listing |
J Adv Res
December 2024
Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China. Electronic address:
Introduction: Conventional pesticide formulations have been widely used to boost agricultural productivity, but their weak foliar adhesion and instability under UV light during spraying lead to low utilization rates and potential environmental and health hazards. To counter these challenges, the development of nanoformulations represents a pivotal strategy. These advanced formulations are designed to enhance the efficacy of active ingredients (AIs) and reduce ecological impacts, thereby addressing the need for sustainable agricultural development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
December 2024
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
The high activity of water in aqueous battery electrolytes can trigger side reactions, limiting their large-scale application. Additives that form contact pairs (CPs) with cations by coordinating with them can effectively reduce water's activity. However, due to the complex interactions between ions, additives, and solvent molecules and the fact that current strategies for additive screening primarily rely on static physical parameters, the dynamic mechanisms that govern the modulation of ion solvation sheaths are still poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDalton Trans
December 2024
Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India.
Chloride ions play vital roles in a variety of biological and environmental processes, making their accurate and efficient detection critical for both research and practical applications. In this perspective, we explore the recent advancements in the development of metal complex-based probes for chloride ion detection, with a focus on complexes involving transition and lanthanide metals. These probes offer remarkable selectivity and sensitivity, achieved through diverse mechanisms such as metal coordination, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and halogen or chalcogen bonding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Dev Ind Pharm
November 2024
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Due to the toxicity and serious side effects of chemical incorporated in topical dosage form used for treatment of wound healing, there is a need to use natural preparation as wound healing preparation.
Aims: Seeds of (TFG) are used to synthesize eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (SNPs) in an appropriate way to heal wounds.
Methods: To synthesize SNPs, TFG was incubated with AgNO to produce SNP-TFG.
Small
December 2024
Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO) reduction from aqueous solutions offers a promising strategy to overcome flooding and salt precipitation in gas diffusion electrodes used in gas-phase CO electrolysis. However, liquid-phase CO electrolysis often exhibits low CO reduction rates because of limited CO availability. Here, a macroporous Ag mesh is employed and activated to achieve selective CO conversion to CO with high rates from an aqueous bicarbonate solution.
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