A thirty-six year old male patient presented with dyspnea, right-sided chest pain, night sweats and intermittent fever. He has a history of ankylosing spondylitis treated with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonist (infliximab). Computed tomography of the chest showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy, right-sided pleural effusion, and atelectasis. The pleural fluid was exudative with lymphocyte dominance. Closed pleural biopsy was nondiagnostic. The adenosine deaminase level of the pleural fluid was 110 U/L. In light of these findings, the patient was diagnosed as tuberculous pleurisy and antituberculous treatment was given. After one month, pleural fluid was markedly reduced.
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Urol Case Rep
January 2025
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest Romania, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
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Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-encapsulated vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space. They play a crucial role in intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can be detected in body fluids, including blood plasma, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, breast milk, and pleural ascites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Soc Cytopathol
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Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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