In order to identify Chironomus hemoglobin (Hb) as a biomarker of ecotoxicity monitoring; herein, the effects of cadmium chloride (Cd) on Hb parameters were investigated in the 4th instar larvae of Chironomus riparius. The expressions of globin mRNA and hemolymph protein, using ecotoxicoproteomic approach, were investigated. Conventional ecotoxicity tests were also conducted to validate the ecotoxicological relevance of the response of Chironomus Hb as a biomarker. The proteomic analysis indicated that exposure to Cd lead alteration in the expression of hemolymph protein, with the total expressions of 12 hemolymph protein spots decreasing in response to treatment, with that of two increasing in response to Cd exposure. In addition, all of the spots differentially expressed in response to Cd treatment were identified as globin proteins. The decreased total Hb content observed in the hemolymph of larvae exposed to Cd suggested that the decreased expression of selected globin proteins in response to Cd exposure impacted on Hb synthesis. The overall results suggested that Hb could be a target molecule for exposure to Cd in C. riparius, with a proteomic approach appearing to be an ideal tool for the discovery of biomarkers in ecotoxicological research.
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