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Objective: HIV counseling and testing (HCT) is a key intervention for HIV/AIDS control, and new strategies have been developed for expanding coverage in developing countries. We compared costs and outcomes of four HCT strategies in Uganda.
Design: A retrospective cohort of 84 323 individuals received HCT at one of four Ugandan HCT programs between June 2003 and September 2005. HCT strategies assessed were stand-alone HCT; hospital-based HCT; household-member HCT; and door-to-door HCT.
Methods: We collected data on client volume, demographics, prior testing and HIV diagnosis from project monitoring systems, and cost data from project accounts and personnel interviews. Strategies were compared in terms of costs and effectiveness at reaching key population groups.
Results: Household-member and door-to-door HCT strategies reached the largest proportion of previously untested individuals (>90% of all clients). Hospital-based HCT diagnosed the greatest proportion of HIV-infected individuals (27% prevalence), followed by stand-alone HCT (19%). Household-member HCT identified the highest percentage of discordant couples; however, this was a small fraction of total clients (<4%). Costs per client (2007 USD) were $19.26 for stand-alone HCT, $11.68 for hospital-based HCT, $13.85 for household-member HCT, and $8.29 for door-to-door-HCT.
Conclusion: All testing strategies had relatively low per client costs. Hospital-based HCT most readily identified HIV-infected individuals eligible for treatment, whereas home-based strategies more efficiently reached populations with low rates of prior testing and HIV-infected people with higher CD4 cell counts. Multiple HCT strategies with different costs and efficiencies can be used to meet the UNAIDS/WHO call for universal HCT access by 2010.
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Bioorg Chem
December 2024
Department of Photochemistry (Synthetic Unit), Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt. Electronic address:
An efficient synthesis of a series of uracil analogous was performed to obtain new potential anticancer agents. The cytotoxic effect of the synthesized derivatives was assessed in vitro against three cancer cell lines, namely hepatic cancer (HepG-2), colon cancer (HCT-116), and breast cancer (MCF-7). Among the tested compounds, 5, 11 and 15 stood as potent uracil derivatives with pan cytotoxicity against the 3 cell lines out-performing the reference compound 5-FU.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Dev Res
February 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Five series of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole hybrids were designed and synthesized as promising EGFR inhibitors. Three human cancer cell lines were employed for testing each hybrid's in vitro antiproliferative efficacy; colon HCT-116, liver HepG-2 and breast MCF-7 using MTT assay. Comparing compound 9a to the reference doxorubicin, 9a shown superior activity to that of Dox with respect to MCF-7 (IC 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Prod Res
December 2024
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
(Forssk.) is a medicinal succulent plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The phytochemical examination of methanolic extract resulted in isolation of three unique new pregnane glycosides, quadrangulosides G-I (), their structures were elucidated utilising 1D, 2D NMR and ESI MS spectral studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Genomics
December 2024
Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.
The regulation of oxygen homeostasis is critical in physiology and disease pathogenesis. High Altitude environment or hypoxia (lack of oxygen) can lead to adverse health conditions such as HAPE despite initial adaptive physiological responses. Studying genetic, hematological and biochemical, and the physiological outcomes of hypoxia together could yield a comprehensive understanding and potentially uncover valuable biomarkers for predicting responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Genet
December 2024
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Background: The development and diversification of sensory proprioceptive neurons, which reside in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and express the tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC), depend on the transcription factor (TF) Runx3. Runx3-deficient mice develop severe limb ataxia due to TrkC neuron cell death. Two additional TFs Pou4f1 (also called Brn3a) and Isl1 also play an important role in sensory neuron development.
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