Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The thymus provides a specialized environment allowing the differentiation of T lymphocytes from bone marrow-derived progenitor cells. We and others have demonstrated that gene transfer into distinct thymocyte populations can be obtained, both in vivo and ex vivo, using lentiviral vectors. Here, we describe techniques for intrathymic lentiviral transduction in mice, using a surgical approach wherein the thoracic cavity is exposed as well as a significantly less invasive strategy wherein virions are directly injected through the skin. Moreover, thymocyte differentiation from murine and human progenitors is now feasible in vitro, under conditions wherein the Notch and IL-7 signaling pathways are activated. We describe methods allowing transduction of murine and human progenitors and their subsequent differentiation into more mature thymocytes. Conditions for lentiviral gene transfer into more differentiated human thymocyte subsets are also presented. Optimization of technologies for HIV-based gene transfer into murine and human thymocyte progenitors will advance strategies aimed at modulating T-cell differentiation and function in-vivo; approaches potentially targeting patients with genetic and acquired immunodeficiencies as well as immune-sensitive tumors. Furthermore, this technology will foster the progression of basic research aimed at elucidating molecular aspects of T-cell differentiation in mice and humans.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-409-4_13 | DOI Listing |
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!