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Blood loss and transfusion tactics were analyzed in 131 patients who had undergone correction of one, two, and three cardiac valves under general balanced anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation. The volume of intraoperative blood loss was 869+/-298 ml with the range of 700 to 2000 ml. Packed red cells (PRC) were transfused to 9% of patients; fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in 10%, PRC and FFP were transfused to 17% patients. Donor blood was not used in 63.5% of patients in order to save the patient's blood. It comprised the preoperative storage of autologous plasma in a quantity of 300-700 ml, the modified intraoperative reservation of autologous blood in a volume of 400-1200 ml, and, in 70% of patients, the use of washed autologous red blood cells. The hemostasis protocol included the use of epsilon-aminocapronic acid, aprotinin (trasilol) not more than 2,000,000 KUE, and packed platelets. For adequate heparin neutralization, after administration of the calculated dose of protamine, it was long administered in a dose of 25 mg/hour for 4-5 hours. The developed and introduced comprehensive program for the patient's blood maintenance and blood loss diminution made it possible to avoid transfusing PRC and FFP in more than 60% of patients with a blood loss volume of as high as 1500 ml; and to maintain adequate oxygen balance and hemostasis in the remaining patients.
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