Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Purpose: To evaluate manganese (Mn(2+))-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as tools for detection of axonal injury and regeneration after intravitreal peripheral nerve graft (PNG) implantation in the rat optic nerve (ON).
Materials And Methods: In adult Fischer rats, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival was evaluated in Flurogold (FG) back-filled retinal whole mounts after ON crush (ONC), intravitreal PNG, and intravitreal MnCl(2) injection (150 nmol) at 0 and 20 days post lesion (dpl). MEMRI and echo-planar DTI (DTI-EPI) was obtained of noninjured ON one day after intravitreal MnCl(2) injection, and at 1 and 21 dpl after ONC, intravitreal PNG, and intravitreal MnCl(2) injections given at 0 and 20 dpl. GAP-43 immunohistochemistry was performed after the last MRI.
Results: ONC reduced RGC density in retina by 94% at 21 dpl compared to noninjured ON without MnCl(2) injections. Both intravitreal PNG and intravitreal MnCl(2) injections improved RGC survival in retina, which was reduced by 90% (ONC+MnCl(2)), 82% (ONC+PNG), and 74% (ONC+PNG+MnCl(2)) compared to noninjured ON. DTI-derived parameters (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity lambda( parallel), and radial diffusivity lambda( perpendicular)) were unaffected by the presence of Mn(2+) in the ON. At 1 dpl, CNR(MEMRI) and lambda( parallel) were reduced at the injury site, while at 21 dpl they were increased at the injury site compared to values measured at 1 dpl. GAP-43 immunoreactive axons were present in the ON distal to the ONC injury site.
Conclusion: MEMRI and DTI enabled detection of functional and structural degradation after rat ON injury, and there was correlation between the MRI-derived and immunohistochemical measures of axon regeneration.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.21606 | DOI Listing |
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