The stoichiometric network analysis (SNA) introduced by B. L. Clarke is applied to a simplified model of the complex oscillating Bray-Liebhafsky reaction under batch conditions, which was not examined by this method earlier. This powerful method for the analysis of steady-states stability is also used to transform the classical differential equations into dimensionless equations. This transformation is easy and leads to a form of the equations combining the advantages of classical dimensionless equations with the advantages of the SNA. The used dimensionless parameters have orders of magnitude given by the experimental information about concentrations and currents. This simplifies greatly the study of the slow manifold and shows which parameters are essential for controlling its shape and consequently have an important influence on the trajectories. The effectiveness of these equations is illustrated on two examples: the study of the bifurcations points and a simple sensitivity analysis, different from the classical one, more based on the chemistry of the studied system.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp8056674 | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
December 2024
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States.
The synthesis of amides from amines and carboxylic acids is the most widely carried out reaction in medicinal chemistry. Yet, most amide couplings are still conducted using stoichiometric reagents, leading to significant waste; few synthetic catalysts for this transformation have been adopted industrially due to their limited scope and/or poor recyclability. The majority of catalytic approaches focus on a single activation mode, such as enhancing the electrophilicity of the carboxylic acid partner using a Lewis acid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcol Lett
November 2024
The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystems of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Elements are the basic substances that make up living organisms, and the element composition in plants quantitatively reflect the adaptation of plants to environment. However, the drivers that constitute the species-specific plant elementome, as well as the bivariate bioelemental correlations in determining the stability of different bioelements are yet unclear. Based on 1058 leaf observations of 84 plant species from 232 wetlands across large environmental gradients, we found that bioelements with higher concentration were more stable and evolutionary constrained.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pharmacol
November 2024
Resource Institute for Chinese and Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.
Background: Gastrodiae rhizoma (GR) refers to the dried tuber of Bl. and has been used for many centuries to treat brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and cerebral ischemia. However, the processing of GR is complex and varied, resulting in unstable clinical treatment effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Physiol Biochem
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China. Electronic address:
Macromolecules
November 2024
Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
A molecular Kuhn-scale model is presented for the stress relaxation dynamics of entangled polymer networks. The governing equation of the model is given by the general form of the linearized Langevin equation. Based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, the stress relaxation modulus is derived using the normal mode representation.
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