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Pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: a process evaluation.
BMC Psychiatry
January 2025
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Background: Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness, which requires new strategies for prevention and management. Recent evidence suggests that a ketogenic diet may be an effective intervention. This research aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a ketogenic diet intervention for bipolar disorder, fidelity to its behavioural components and the experiences of the participants and research clinicians involved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA realist evaluation to explain and understand the role of paramedics in primary care.
BMC Med
January 2025
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Background: In response to the unsustainable workload and workforce crises in primary care, paramedics (with their generalist clinical background acquired from ambulance service experience) are increasingly employed in primary care. However, the specific contribution paramedics can offer to the primary care workforce has not been distinctly outlined. We used realist approaches to understand the ways in which paramedics impact (or not) the primary care workforce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRelapse prevention among Iranian people who smoke through cognitive behavioral intervention: application of Marlatt's model.
BMC Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Relapse is by far the most likely outcome of any smoking cessation attempt. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention based on Marlatt's model on relapse prevention of people who smoke.
Methods: This interventional study was conducted among 265 people who smoke who referred to smoking cessation centers in Kurdistan province in Iran (intervention group = 129, control group = 136).
Distinct neural computations scale the violation of expected reward and emotion in social transgressions.
Commun Biol
January 2025
Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Traditional decision-making models conceptualize humans as adaptive learners utilizing the differences between expected and actual rewards (prediction errors, PEs) to maximize outcomes, but rarely consider the influence of violations of emotional expectations (emotional PEs) and how it differs from reward PEs. Here, we conducted a fMRI experiment (n = 43) using a modified Ultimatum Game to examine how reward and emotional PEs affect punishment decisions in terms of rejecting unfair offers. Our results revealed that reward relative to emotional PEs exerted a stronger prediction to punishment decisions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent and projected incidence rates of pancreatic cancer in 43 countries: an analysis of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database.
BMJ Open Gastroenterol
January 2025
Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Objective: The aetiology of pancreatic cancer is complex, and there is limited research on its incidence. We aimed to investigate the incidence trends of pancreatic cancer in 43 countries and predict trends up to 2030.
Methods: The annual incidence of pancreatic cancer was obtained from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database, which comprises 108 cancer registries from 43 countries.
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