AI Article Synopsis
- The article highlights the need for clearer guidelines on when to test for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and which laboratory tests to use, as there are still uncertainties in clinical practice.
- It reviews key clinical situations warranting aPL testing, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, various autoimmune disorders, and cases of thrombosis or recurrent fetal losses.
- Additionally, it proposes a comprehensive evaluation for patients showing symptoms of aPL syndrome who test negative for aPL in standard tests, known as "seronegative" aPL syndrome.
Article Abstract
Although significant progress has been made during the last decade in our knowledge of the antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), there are two major questions in clinical practice that require further guidelines: Indications for aPL determination and laboratory tests to choose. This article reviews the main clinical indications to search for aPL (systemic lupus erythematosus, selected autoimmune conditions, spontaneous venous and arterial thrombosis, recurrent fetal losses, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia, among others) as well as the routine tests to detect aPL (serological tests for syphilis, lupus anticoagulant tests, solid phase techniques to detect anticardiolipin and other aPL and antibodies to aPL cofactors). Finally, a complete work-up is suggested for those patients with clinical manifestations of the aPL syndrome but without detection of aPL in the routine tests ("seronegative" aPL syndrome).
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