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The goal of combination cancer therapy, including chemo-phototherapy, is to achieve highly efficient antitumor effects while minimizing the adverse reactions associated with conventional chemotherapy. Nevertheless, enhancing the contribution of non-chemotherapeutic strategies in combination therapy is often challenging because this requires multiple active ingredients to be encapsulated in a single delivery system. However, most commonly used photothermal reagents are challenging to be loaded in large quantities and have poor biocompatibility.
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