Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is a significant pathogen in children, causing otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and occasionally invasive infections. H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines have no effect on infections caused by nontypeable strains because nontypeable strains are nonencapsulated. Approximately, one-third of episodes of otitis media are caused by nontypeable H. influenzae and the bacterium is the most common cause of recurrent otitis media. Recent progress in elucidating molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, understanding the role of biofilms in otitis media and an increasing understanding of immune responses have potential for development of novel strategies to improve prevention and treatment of otitis media caused by nontypeable H. influenzae. Feasibility of vaccination for prevention of otitis media due to nontypeable H. influenzae was recently demonstrated in a clinical trial with a vaccine that included the surface virulence factor, protein D.
Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media is predominantly caused by aerobic bacterial infections, complicated by antibiotic-resistant strains and biofilm formation. This study aims to identify the aerobic bacterial pathogens in chronic suppurative otitis media among children and assess their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The potential link between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance is also evaluated.
This study presents a detailed clinical case of a 10-year-old boy with a history of prolonged cough, fever, and delayed diagnosis of bronchiectasis. Review of the case revealed that the child has had recurrent bronchitis, otitis media, skin allergies, and viral warts since early childhood, indicating persistent immune system abnormalities. Imaging studies, including pulmonary and sinus CT scans, show significant bronchiectasis accompanied by infections and sinusitis.
Purpose: Myringoplasty aims to improve hearing and prevent otorrhea, making graft uptake rates and hearing crucial considerations. This study analyzed the factors associated with unsuccessful graft uptake and hearing improvement to guide the selection of optimal surgical approaches for myringoplasty.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 56 ears with chronic otitis media.
Background: Otitis media (OM) is a prevalent and serious condition in childhood, but comprehensive global studies assessing its burden are lacking.
Methods: Using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we analyzed OM incidence cases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in children aged 0-14 from 1990 to 2021. Trends were analyzed across regions, age groups, sexes, and socio-demographic index (SDI) using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC).
Introduction And Objective: This study presents and analyzes the content of an online Evidence Gap Map (EGM), "", which graphically represents evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of human clinical trials in homeopathy that were published from 1991 to 2021. The EGM was built according to the guidelines of the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), adapted for complex interventions, to represent visually relevant evidence and research gaps.
Presentation Of Evidence Gap Map Content: The interventions, classified as rows, are characterized in the EGM not only by the homeopathic therapeutic strategy but also by individual medicines and potencies.
