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Avian Reovirus: From Molecular Biology to Pathogenesis and Control.
Viruses
December 2024
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Avian reoviruses (ARVs) represent a significant economic burden on the poultry industry due to their widespread prevalence and potential pathogenicity. These viruses, capable of infecting a diverse range of avian species, can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations, most notably tenosynovitis/arthritis. While many ARV strains are asymptomatic, pathogenic variants can cause severe inflammation and tissue damage in organs such as the tendons, heart, and liver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular Interactions Between Plants and Aphids: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.
Insects
November 2024
Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Aphids are small, notorious insect pests that negatively impact plant health and agricultural productivity through direct damage, such as sap-sucking, and indirectly as vectors of plant viruses. Plants respond to aphid feeding with a variety of molecular mechanisms to mitigate damage. These responses are diverse and highly dynamic, functioning either independently or in combination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConfronting the modern food price dilemma.
Nat Food
January 2025
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Evaluating two live-attenuated vaccines against serovar Reading in turkeys: reduced tissue colonization and cecal tonsil transcriptome responses.
Front Vet Sci
December 2024
Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ames, IA, United States.
Vaccines that cross-protect across serovars of () would be a beneficial intervention against emerging and persistent isolates of concern for the turkey industry. The 2017-2019 foodborne outbreak of serovar Reading (. Reading) revealed the need for effective control of this serovar in turkey production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacteroides expand the functional versatility of a conserved transcription factor and transcribed DNA to program capsule diversity.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
The genomes of human gut bacteria in the genus Bacteroides include numerous operons for biosynthesis of diverse capsular polysaccharides (CPSs). The first two genes of each CPS operon encode a locus-specific paralog of transcription elongation factor NusG (called UpxY), which enhances transcript elongation, and a UpxZ protein that inhibits noncognate UpxYs. This process, together with promoter inversions, ensures that a single CPS operon is transcribed in most cells.
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