Relative rate techniques were used to study the title reactions and determine rate constants of k(Cl + C(4)F(9)CH(2)CH(2)I) = (1.25 +/- 0.15) x 10(-12) and k(OH + C(4)F(9)CH(2)CH(2)I) = (1.2 +/- 0.6) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) in 700 Torr total pressure at 295 K. The fluorotelomer aldehyde (C(4)F(9)CH(2)CHO), perfluorinated aldehyde (C(4)F(9)CHO), fluorotelomer acid (C(4)F(9)CH(2)C(O)OH), fluorotelomer peracid (C(4)F(9)CH(2)C(O)OOH), and several perfluorocarboxylic acids were detected by in situ FTIR spectroscopy and offline analysis as products of the chlorine atom initiated oxidation of C(4)F(9)CH(2)CH(2)I in air. The UV-visible spectra of C(4)F(9)CH(2)CH(2)I and C(2)H(5)Cl were recorded over the range of 200-400 nm. Photolysis of C(4)F(9)CH(2)CH(2)I gives C(4)F(9)CH(2)CHO as the major observed product. By assumption of a photolysis quantum yield of unity, it was calculated that the atmospheric lifetime of C(4)F(9)CH(2)CH(2)I is determined by photolysis and is a few days. A mechanism for the atmospheric oxidation of fluorotelomer iodides, (C(x)F(2x+1)CH(2)CH(2)I, where x = 2, 4, 6,...) is proposed. Atmospheric oxidation of fluorotelomer iodides is a potential source of perfluorocarboxylic acids.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp807322x | DOI Listing |
Environ Sci Technol
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
At present, the defluorination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluoroether compounds as substitutes of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate, is limited by the effective active species produced during the oxidation-reduction process. The contribution of the hydrogen radical (•H) as a companion active substance in the photoreduction and electrocatalytic degradation of PFASs has been neglected. Herein, we demonstrate that perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluoroether compounds such as PFOA and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) underwent near-complete photodegradation and effective defluorination by continuously generating •H through perfluoroalkyl radical activation of water under UV irradiation without any reagents and catalysts.
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December 2024
Ufa Institute of Biology, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
Bacteria of the genus are the most studied microorganisms that biodegrade persistent perfluoroorganic pollutants, and the research of their application for the remediation of environmental sites using biotechnological approaches remains relevant. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a known destructor of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid from the genus to accelerate and enhance the destruction of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), specifically perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorononanoic acid, in water and soil in association with the strain . 5(3), which has previously confirmed genetic potential for the degrading of PFCAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
December 2024
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States. Electronic address:
Military bases and airports are often contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) due to the repeated use of aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) from decades of training exercises, equipment testing, and extinguishing of fuel- and solvent-based fires. Pump-and-treat systems combined with sorption processes are common ex situ remediation strategies; however, they can be expensive and may require decades of operation, particularly at sites where long-term diffusion and desorption of contaminants are the primary release processes. Alternatively, in situ chemical oxidation is an effective remediation strategy in which oxidants (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) enter the Arctic through long-range transport and local pollution. To date, little is known about their behavior in plant and benthic marine food webs in remote Arctic. In this study, we analyzed the environmental distribution and nutrient transfer of 20 PFAS in soil, sediment, plant and benthic biota samples collected between 2014 and 2016 in Svalbard, Arctic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
March 2025
Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 971 87, Sweden. Electronic address:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are extensively used in urban environments and are, thus, found in urban stormwater. However, the relevance of stormwater as a pathway for PFAS to urban streams is largely unknown. This study evaluated the impact of urban stormwater runoff on PFAS concentrations and spatial distribution in three urban streams affected by stormwater discharges from separate sewer systems.
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