The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of extracted turbulence features from beam emission spectroscopy (BES) data is significantly enhanced via application of singular value decomposition (SVD) methods. BES measures two-dimensional localized density fluctuations in DIII-D. The SNR of core turbulence characteristics is typically limited by noise arising from electronic noise, photon noise, and fluctuations in the observed neutral beam. SVD filtering has led to a significant enhancement in the SNR, reducing errors in time-resolved measurements of core turbulence characteristics, including correlation lengths, decorrelation rates, and group velocities. The SVD filtration technique is applied to BES data by combining multiple physically adjacent sampling locations to extract spatially correlated signals while partially removing unwanted incoherent noise. Using approximately half of the singular value weighted modes to reconstruct turbulence signals is found to improve SNR by up to a factor of 4, while maintaining the spatial structure of the turbulence. Unique aspects of application of SVD to broadband turbulence data are discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2979879 | DOI Listing |
Med Phys
January 2025
Institute for Medical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Background: The success of embolization, a minimally invasive treatment of liver cancer, could be evaluated in the operational room with cone-beam CT by acquiring a dynamic perfusion scan to inspect the contrast agent flow.
Purpose: The reconstruction algorithm must address the issues of low temporal sampling and higher noise levels inherent in cone-beam CT systems, compared to conventional CT.
Methods: Therefore, a model-based perfusion reconstruction based on the time separation technique (TST) was applied.
Ultrasonics
January 2025
The Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Health Technology. Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads Building 349, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
Non-invasive estimation of pressure differences using 2D synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging offers a precise, low-cost, and risk-free diagnostic tool. Unlike invasive techniques, this preserves natural blood flow and avoids the limitations of devices that occupy lumen space. This paper evaluates a previously published estimator, modified to incorporate Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) echo-cancellation, using data from ten healthy volunteers and one patient.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
December 2024
Life Sciences, Health, and Engineering Department, The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, USA.
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) establishes a persistent, asymptomatic kidney infection in most of the population. However, JCPyV can reactivate in immunocompromised individuals and cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal demyelinating disease with no approved treatment. Mutations in the hypervariable non-coding control region (NCCR) of the JCPyV genome have been linked to disease outcomes and neuropathogenesis, yet few metanalyses document these associations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
February 2025
Center for Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digi-tal Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, Beijing 100081, China.
Objective: To develop an original-mirror alignment associated deep learning algorithm for intelligent registration of three-dimensional maxillofacial point cloud data, by utilizing a dynamic graph-based registration network model (maxillofacial dynamic graph registration network, MDGR-Net), and to provide a valuable reference for digital design and analysis in clinical dental applications.
Methods: Four hundred clinical patients without significant deformities were recruited from Peking University School of Stomatology from October 2018 to October 2022. Through data augmentation, a total of 2 000 three-dimensional maxillofacial datasets were generated for training and testing the MDGR-Net algorithm.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224001, Jiangsu, China.
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable segmentation accuracy in medical image segmentation tasks. However, the Vision Transformer (ViT) model, with its capability of extracting global information, offers a significant advantage in contextual information compared to the limited receptive field of convolutional kernels in CNNs. Despite this, ViT models struggle to fully detect and extract high-frequency signals, such as textures and boundaries, in medical images.
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