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Assessment of glymphatic function and white matter integrity in children with autism using multi-parametric MRI and machine learning.
Eur Radiol
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Objectives: To assess glymphatic function and white matter integrity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using multi-parametric MRI, combined with machine learning to evaluate ASD detection performance.
Materials And Methods: This retrospective study collected data from 110 children with ASD (80 exploratory, 43 validation) and 68 typically developing children (50 exploratory, 18 validation) from two centers. The automated diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (aDTI-ALPS), fractional anisotropy (FA), cerebrospinal fluid volume, and perivascular space (PVS) volume indices were extracted from DTI, three-dimensional T1-weighted, and T2-weighted images.
Early childhood deprivation and the impact of negative life events on mental health in later life: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis.
Front Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Introduction: Early life exposure to adversity and stress has been shown to sensitize young people to later negative life events (LEs), leading to increased susceptibility to mental health problems. We explored this question by testing whether exposure to severe institutional deprivation moderated the effect of adolescent exposure to LE on early adult depression and anxiety. To test the specificity of these effects, we contrasted the effects on these outcomes with neuro-developmental problems (autism and disinhibited social engagement), known from previous studies to be associated with deprivation from early childhood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutistic and transgender/gender diverse people's experiences of health and healthcare.
Mol Autism
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18B Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.
Background: Autistic people and transgender/gender diverse people experience poorer healthcare experiences and greater risk of diagnosed, suspected, and assessment recommended health conditions, compared to non-autistic and cisgender individuals, respectively. Despite this, there is a paucity of studies on the healthcare experiences and health outcomes of transgender/gender diverse autistic individuals.
Methods: We compared the healthcare experiences and health outcomes of cisgender autistic (n = 1094), transgender/gender diverse autistic (n = 174), and cisgender non-autistic adults (n = 1295) via an anonymous, self-report survey.
Social cognition in autism and ADHD.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
January 2025
Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. Electronic address:
Social cognition is a crucial capacity for social functioning. The last decades have seen a plethora of social cognition research in neurodevelopmental conditions, foremost autism and, to a lesser extent, ADHD, both characterized by social challenges. Social cognition is a multifaceted construct comprising various overlapping subdomains, such as Theory of Mind/mentalizing, emotion recognition, and social perception.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Human Microglia Atlas (HuMicA) unravels changes in disease-associated microglia subsets across neurodegenerative conditions.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
Dysregulated microglia activation, leading to neuroinflammation, is crucial in neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We constructed an atlas of human brain immune cells by integrating nineteen single-nucleus RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq datasets from multiple neurodegenerative conditions, comprising 241 samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lewy body diseases, COVID-19, and healthy controls. The integrated Human Microglia Atlas (HuMicA) included 90,716 nuclei/cells and revealed nine populations distributed across all conditions.
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