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Ultrastructural Contributions to Extrasynaptic Glutamatergic Signaling in Olfactory Bulb Glomeruli.
J Comp Neurol
March 2025
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Olfactory bulb glomeruli have a complex organization that includes axodendritic synapses between olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and excitatory mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs), as well as dendrodendritic synapses between MCs/TCs and GABAergic periglomerular cells (PGCs). MCs also receive excitatory signals from one subclass of TCs, the external tufted cells (eTCs). While these signals are driven by glutamate released from eTC dendrites, they appear not to reflect direct eTC > MC synaptic connections but rather "spill-over" of glutamate released at eTC > PGC synapses acting on nearby MC dendrites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParvalbumin interneurons regulate rehabilitation-induced functional recovery after stroke and identify a rehabilitation drug.
Nat Commun
March 2025
Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Motor disability is a critical impairment in stroke patients. Rehabilitation has a limited effect on recovery; but there is no medical therapy for post-stroke recovery. The biological mechanisms of rehabilitation in the brain remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrenatal ethanol exposure results in cell-type, age, and sex-dependent differences in the neonatal striatum that coincide with early motor deficits.
eNeuro
March 2025
Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755 United States.
Delayed motor development is an early clinical sign of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). However, changes at the neural circuit level that underlie early motor differences are underexplored. The striatum, the principal input nucleus of the basal ganglia, plays an important role in motor learning in adult animals, and the maturation of the striatal circuit has been associated with the development of early motor behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreferential Localization of STIM1 to dendritic subsurface ER structures in Mouse Purkinje Cells.
J Neurosci
March 2025
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular Ca store, serving as the source and sink of intracellular Ca The ER Ca store is continuous yet organized into distinct subcompartments with spatial and functional heterogeneity. In cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), glutamatergic inputs trigger Ca release from specific ER domains via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IPRs) or ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Upon ER store depletion, refilling occurs through store-operated Ca entry mediated by stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDose-dependent developmental fluoride exposure leads to neurotoxicity and impairs excitatory synapse development.
Arch Toxicol
March 2025
The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
Developmental fluoride exposure has been implicated in cognitive deficits and neurotoxicity, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Here, we investigated the dose- and time-dependent impacts of sodium fluoride (NaF) on neuronal morphology, viability, oxidative stress, and synaptic function using both in vitro and in vivo mouse models. Cultured primary embryonic mouse cortical neurons were exposed to varying concentrations of NaF (0-200 μg/ml).
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