Education has a potentially important role to play in tackling the spread of HIV, but is there evidence that this potential is realized? This analysis combines the results of previous literature reviews and updates them with the findings of recent randomized controlled trials and a discussion of possible mechanisms for the effect of schooling on vulnerability to HIV infection. There is a growing body of evidence that keeping girls in school reduces their risk of contracting HIV. The relationship between educational attainment and HIV has changed over time, with educational attainment now more likely to be associated with a lower risk of HIV infection than earlier in the epidemic. Educational attainment cannot, however, be isolated from other socioeconomic factors as the cause of HIV risk reduction. The findings of this analysis suggest that the equitable expansion of primary and secondary schooling for girls in southern Africa will help reduce their vulnerability to HIV. Evidence of ineffective HIV prevention education in schools underlines the need for careful evidence-based programme design. Despite the challenges, recent provisional evidence suggests that highly targeted programmes promoting realistic options for young adults may lead to safer sexual behaviour. Targeted education programmes have also been successful in changing students' attitudes to people living with HIV and AIDS, which is associated with testing and treatment decisions. This reduction in stigma may be crucial in encouraging the uptake of voluntary counselling and testing, a central strategy in the control of the epidemic. Expansions of carefully designed and evaluated school-based HIV prevention programmes can help to reduce stigma and have the potential to promote safe sexual behaviour.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000341776.71253.04 | DOI Listing |
BMC Public Health
January 2025
School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China.
Introduction: Retirement represents a significant life transition and is associated with individual health outcomes. Previous studies on the health effects of retirement have yielded inconsistent conclusions. This study aimed to estimate the impact of retirement on the body mass index (BMI) and BMI-defined overweight and obesity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Ophthalmol
January 2025
Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
Purpose: To obtain national-level data on current burden of blindness and visual impairment (VI) due to corneal opacities (CO) and their epidemiological determinants in India.
Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted in 31 districts for population aged ≥50 years using Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) V.6 methodology and 6 districts for population aged 0-49 years.
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord
January 2025
Objectives: Cognitive impairment among older adults is a significant public health concern worldwide. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment, its correlates, and the mediating role of depressive symptoms between frailty and cognitive impairment among older adults in northeast region of China.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which used the intercept interview method to recruit participants.
Econ Hum Biol
January 2025
Social Research Institute, University College London, UK.
Using two polygenic scores (PGS) for educational attainment in a biomedical study of all those born in a single week in Great Britain in 1958 we show that the genetic predisposition for educational attainment is associated with labour market participation and wages over the life-course for men and women. Those with a higher PGS spend more time in employment and full-time employment and, when in employment, earn higher hourly wages. The employment associations are four times larger for women than for men.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInteract J Med Res
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Background: Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into medical education has gained significant attention for its potential to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. However, it lacks a comprehensive study depicting the academic performance and status of AI in the medical education domain.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the social patterns, productive contributors, knowledge structure, and clusters since the 21st century.
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