https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=19033471&retmode=xml&tool=Litmetric&email=readroberts32@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09 190334712009013020241218
1091-6490105492008Dec09Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaProc Natl Acad Sci U S AStimulation of neural regeneration in the mouse retina.195081951319508-1310.1073/pnas.0807453105Müller glia can serve as a source of new neurons after retinal damage in both fish and birds. Investigations of regeneration in the mammalian retina in vitro have provided some evidence that Müller glia can proliferate after retinal damage and generate new rods; however, the evidence that this occurs in vivo is not conclusive. We have investigated whether Müller glia have the potential to generate neurons in the mouse retina in vivo by eliminating ganglion and amacrine cells with intraocular NMDA injections and stimulating Müller glial to re-enter the mitotic cycle by treatment with specific growth factors. The proliferating Müller glia dedifferentiate and a subset of these cells differentiated into amacrine cells, as defined by the expression of amacrine cell-specific markers Calretinin, NeuN, Prox1, and GAD67-GFP. These results show for the first time that the mammalian retina has the potential to regenerate inner retinal neurons in vivo.KarlMike OMODepartment of Biological Structure, Health Science Center, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.HayesSusanSNelsonBranden RBRTanKristineKBuckinghamBrianBRehThomas ATAengR01 EY013475-07EYNEI NIH HHSUnited StatesF32 EY016636EYNEI NIH HHSUnited StatesF32 EY015631EYNEI NIH HHSUnited StatesR01 EY013475EYNEI NIH HHSUnited StatesF32 EY15631-01A1EYNEI NIH HHSUnited StatesJournal ArticleResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't20081125
United StatesProc Natl Acad Sci U S A75058760027-84240Biomarkers0Calb2 protein, mouse0Calbindin 20DNA-Binding Proteins0Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists0Homeodomain Proteins0Nerve Tissue Proteins0NeuN protein, mouse0Nuclear Proteins0S100 Calcium Binding Protein G0Tumor Suppressor Proteins0prospero-related homeobox 1 protein147336-22-9Green Fluorescent Proteins6384-92-5N-MethylaspartateEC 4.1.1.15Glutamate DecarboxylaseEC 4.1.1.15glutamate decarboxylase 1IMAmacrine CellscytologymetabolismAnimalsBiomarkersmetabolismCalbindin 2Cell DifferentiationphysiologyCell DivisionphysiologyCell LineagephysiologyDNA-Binding ProteinsDenervationExcitatory Amino Acid AgoniststoxicityGlutamate DecarboxylasemetabolismGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsmetabolismMiceMice, TransgenicN-MethylaspartatetoxicityNerve RegenerationphysiologyNerve Tissue ProteinsmetabolismNeurogliacytologymetabolismNeuronscytologymetabolismNuclear ProteinsmetabolismRetinacytologyphysiologyS100 Calcium Binding Protein GmetabolismTumor Suppressor ProteinsmetabolismThe authors declare no conflict of interest.20081127902009131902008112790200969ppublish19033471PMC261479110.1073/pnas.08074531050807453105Moshiri A, Close J, Reh TA. 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