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- Epigenetic changes influenced by environmental factors and maternal behaviors, especially nicotine use, can adversely affect fetal development, leading to hypertension.
- This study used a rodent model to demonstrate that perinatal nicotine exposure increases the activity of angiotensin II type 1 receptors in the carotid bodies, contributing to higher blood pressure.
- Results indicate that targeting angiotensin signaling in these areas might help reduce hypertension linked to unhealthy maternal environments and nicotine exposure during pregnancy.
Carotid Body-Mediated Chemoreflex Function in Aging and the Role of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase.
Adv Exp Med Biol
June 2023
Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Ventilatory impairment during aging has been linked to carotid body (CB) dysfunction. Anatomical/morphological studies evidenced CB degeneration and reductions in the number of CB chemoreceptor cells during aging. The mechanism(s) related to CB degeneration in aging remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeripheral neuroplasticity of respiratory chemoreflexes, induced by prenatal nicotinic exposure: Implication for SIDS.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol
July 2023
Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) occurs during sleep in seemingly healthy infants. Maternal cigarette smoking and hypoxemia during sleep are assumed to be the major causal factors. Depressed hypoxic ventilatory response (dHVR) is observed in infants with high risk of SIDS, and apneas (lethal ventilatory arrest) appear during the fatal episode of SIDS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRearrangement of cell types in the rat carotid body neurogenic niche induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia.
J Physiol
March 2023
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
The carotid body (CB) is a prototypical acute oxygen (O )-sensing organ that mediates reflex hyperventilation and increased cardiac output in response to hypoxaemia. CB overactivation, secondary to the repeated stimulation produced by the recurrent episodes of intermittent hypoxia, is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of sympathetic hyperactivity present in sleep apnoea patients. Although CB functional plasticity induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) has been demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecovery of the biphasic hypoxic ventilatory response in neonatal rats after chronic hyperoxia.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol
January 2023
Department of Biology, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA.
Newborn mammals exhibit biphasic hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVR) characterized by an initial increase in ventilation and a secondary ventilatory depression. The magnitude of the hypoxic ventilatory decline (HVD) in the late phase of the HVR normally decreases with age, but this occurs sooner in rats reared in 60% O. We investigated whether a lower level of hyperoxia (30% O) or a short period of recovery (1 or 3 d in 21% O) would affect the expression of this plasticity.
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