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Response of Amazonian forests to mid-Holocene drought: A model-data comparison.
Glob Chang Biol
January 2022
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science (SAGES), University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK.
There is a major concern for the fate of Amazonia over the coming century in the face of anthropogenic climate change. A key area of uncertainty is the scale of rainforest dieback to be expected under a future, drier climate. In this study, we use the middle Holocene (ca.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRate of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet will exceed Holocene values this century.
Nature
October 2020
Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
The Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) is losing mass at a high rate. Given the short-term nature of the observational record, it is difficult to assess the historical importance of this mass-loss trend. Unlike records of greenhouse gas concentrations and global temperature, in which observations have been merged with palaeoclimate datasets, there are no comparably long records for rates of GIS mass change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
February 2021
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France.
Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems. Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification of this biodiversity. During the last two decades, around 90 dated molecular phylogenies of different clades across animals and plants have been published leading to an increased understanding of the diversification and speciation processes generating tropical African biodiversity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn astronomically dated record of Earth's climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years.
Science
September 2020
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
Much of our understanding of Earth's past climate comes from the measurement of oxygen and carbon isotope variations in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Yet, long intervals in existing records lack the temporal resolution and age control needed to thoroughly categorize climate states of the Cenozoic era and to study their dynamics. Here, we present a new, highly resolved, astronomically dated, continuous composite of benthic foraminifer isotope records developed in our laboratories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSix hundred years of South American tree rings reveal an increase in severe hydroclimatic events since mid-20th century.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
July 2020
Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Cs. Ambientales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
Article Synopsis
- South American societies are vulnerable to climatic changes due to insufficient long-term climate data, but recent advancements in tree ring chronologies have created a comprehensive network of 286 records that track hydroclimate variability since 1400 CE.
- The South American Drought Atlas (SADA) has been developed using this data alongside the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index, providing the most detailed hydrological reconstruction for the region and correlating well with historical climate events.
- The SADA reveals that El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) strongly influence droughts and rainfall variability, with the analysis indicating an increasing trend towards severe droughts and extreme rainfall in South America linked to climate change and greenhouse
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